VPN Configuration in windows 7

Windows 7

Currently only the following authentication mechanisms are supported:

• User authentication: Active Directory (AD), RADIUS, or Meraki hosted authentication.

• Machine authentication: Preshared keys (a.k.a., shared secret).

When using Meraki hosted authentication, VPN account/user name setting on client devices (e.g., PC or Mac) is the user email addressentered in the Dashboard.

Open Start Menu > Control Panel, click on Network and Internet, click on View network status and tasks.

In the Set up a connection or network pop-up window, choose Connect to a workplace (Set up a dial-up or VPN connection to your workplace).

Choose Use my Internet connection (VPN), in the Connect to a workspace dialog window.

In the Connect to a Workplace dialog box, enter:

• Internet address: Enter the public IP address (found in Dashboard, under Security appliance > Monitor > Appliance status > Uplink ) for the MX appliance.
• Destination name: Optionally enter a name for the VPN connection.

 

Choose "Don't connect now; just set it up so that I can connect later" option.

Click Next. In the next dialog window, enter the user credentials, and click Create.

 

 

Close the VPN connection wizard.

 

 

Go to Networking and Sharing Center and click Change Adapter Settings

 

 

In Network Connections window, right click on the new VPN connection settings and choose Properties

 

 

In the General tab, verify that the public IP address or the URL of the MX appliance.

 

In the Options tab, make sure "Include Windows logon domain" is unchecked

 

 

 

In the "Security" tab, choose "Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol with IPsec (L2TP/IPSec)".

Then, check "Unencrypted password (PAP)", and uncheck all other options.

 

Despite the name "Unencrypted PAP", the client's password is sent encrypted over an IPsec tunnel between the client device and the MX. The password is fully secure and never sent in clear text over either the WAN or the LAN.

Click on "Advanced settings".

In Advanced Properties dialog box, choose "Use preshared key for authentication" and enter the same key you used for the client VPN settings in the Dashboard. Note: if you are enabling client VPN for your employees, you will need to distribute this key.

 

Click OK.

 

 

Back at the Network Connections window, right-click on the VPN connection and click Connect

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Verify your user name and click Connect.

 

How to find files in Linux

How to find files in linux

In Linux world everything is file. Linux system is managed through the several configuration files. Most of configuration files have associated documentation file or sample file. You can use sample files in exam. For RHCE exam you should be able to find the file. It is very common to forget the path of file during the exam. You may know the name of file but not path in that case use these commands to find the file.

·      find

·      locate

find

find command need two arguments file name and location. Syntax of find command is

#find [location] -name  [file name ]

·      find :- command

·      location :- where you want to search the file

·      -name :- option to specify the file name

·      file name :- name of file which you want to search

For example to search vsftpd.conf [FTP configuration file] file we would use following command

#find / -name vsftpd.conf

This would start search from top level root directory and list the found.

Searching from root directory should be your last resources. When you perform search form root directory find command scan the entire Linux system for the desired file. It is time consuming process. Use subdirectories whenever you know it. For example if we know that vsftpd.conf file is located in /etc directory we should use following command

#find /etc -name vsftpd.conf

find command accepts wildcard. Wildcard allows us to find a file even we know only few characters of file name. For example our desired file starts from vs and have .conf in the end but we do not know the middle characters. In this case we would find it in following way

#find /etc -name vs*.conf

Wildcards

*	Any number of alphanumeric characters
?	Single alphanumeric characters

Example of wildcards

Create a directory and move in it

Make some blank files for practice of find command. Use touch command to create files.

Find the files those start from f and end with .conf

It would returns with following error

find: paths must precede expression

find command expand the wild card while it parse. So if result contain single match it would return without any error. Like in above example we searched for vs*.conf and it returned with correct result. But if result contains more than one match it would return with find: paths must precede expression error. It is because what find parsing in this case will look like

#find /root/practices_of_find  -name file1.conf  filek.conf

how to solve find: paths must precede expression error

solution of find: paths must precede expression error is very simple. Put the file name in quotes. It would stop the shell (bash) expanding your wildcards.

Find the files which

·      have file in staring

·      later one character could be anything

·      ends with .conf

locate

find command is too time consuming specially in 2 hour RHCE exam. use locate command instead of find in exam. locate command use a database of installed files and directories. locate command database updated only once in a day.
Syntax of locate command is following

#locate [file name]

locate command search form its database so it does not require path.

Major drawback of locate command is that it update its database only once in a day. For example you can find demo.conf which we created in above example from find command but not from locate command.

database of locate command is updated from /etc/cron.daily/mlocate.cron script. We can manually run this script.

Now we can find demo.conf also from locate command

In exam

·      Update locate command database as soon as possible and use locate command whenever you need to search any file.

·      Use find command when locate does not works. Try to specify as much path as you remember when using find command.

Tar Command in Redhat & Cent OS

                             

TAR COMMAND EXPLAINED

                 tar command

The tar program is used to create, maintain, modify, and extract files that are archived in the tar format.

The tar command on Linux is often used to create .tar.gz or .tgz archive files, also called “tarballs.”

"tar" stands for tape archive. It is an archiving file format.

tar was originally developed in the early days of Unix for the purpose of backing up files to tape-based storage devices.

How to create tar file

To create tar file run following command

$tar -cvf test.tar custom_folder

in above command

·      tar:- command

·      c:- option to creates a new .tar archive file

·      v:- option to display a list of the files that are included in the archive

·      f:- option to specifytype of the archive file.You should always use -f option as the final option in sequence otherwise, the system will become confused as to the desired name for the new file and will use the next option in the sequence as the name.

·      test.tar:- archived file name

·      custom_folder:- folder which is going to archived

How to compress a tar file

tar command does not have compress or decompress features on its own. tar command is combined with external compression utility.

Option	Compression utility
-j	bzip2
-z	gzip
-Z	compress

When you use any of above switch to combine compress utility with tar, compression utility compress the new archive file as soon as it has been created.

How to extract tar file

Following steps should be taken before extracting a tar file.

1.   Check is tar file compressed or not? You can easily determine it by looking at the filename extension.

2.   If the tar file has been compressed, it must first be decompressed using the appropriate decompression program.

3.   Move tar file in an empty directory. Create new if you do not have one. It would prevent the reconstituted files from cluttering up the current directory and overwriting any files or directories with same names that are in it.

4.   It is also advisable to check sufficient space available before unpacking tar file.

·      Use -x option to extract

·      Use -v option to display the list of files during the unpack process

·      Use -f option to specify file name

Same options can be used to have the compression programs automatically decompress tar files prior to extraction. For example to uncompress bz2 file use -j switch or to uncompress gzip file use -z switch.

In following example we would decompress and extract the tar file compressed in above example

make a folder and move all three tar files

Extract tar file

Extract tar file compressed with bz2

Extract tar file compress with gzip

Linux tar command examples

So far in this article we have covered basic of tar with example. Now we will take some advance example of tar command. These examples of tar command helpful for beginner in linux. So let check how Linux system administrator use tar command with example

How to list files of tar tile

Some time you may want to check which files tar file contains without extracting tar file. Use - t option to list the content of tar file without extracting it. -t option works well with compressed tar files as well.

How to remove files after creating tar file

By default, tar creates an archive of copies of the original files and/or directories, and the originals are retained. To remove files / directories after creating tar file use --remove-files option.

How to extract single file form tar file

You can extract specific file form tar archive. File name is required for it. You can check file name from -t option as we did in above example. You need to specify full path of file.

To extract single file form tar archive

$tar -xvf  [Archived tar file name] [name of file ]

If tar file compressed with bz2 use -j option while extracting

$tar -xvjf  [Archived tar file name] [name of file ]

If tar file compressed with gzip use -z option while extracting

$tar -xvzf  [Archived tar file name] [name of file ]

How to extract multiple files from tar archive

In above example we extracted single file but you can extract multiple files from tar archive. You can specify multiple files separately

To extract single file form tar archive

$tar -xvf  [Archived tar file name] ["name of file" ] ["name of file" ]

If tar file compressed with bz2 use -j option while extracting

$tar -xvjf  [Archived tar file name] ["name of file" ] ["name of file" ] ["name of file" ]

If tar file compressed with gzip use -z option while extracting

$tar -xvzf  [Archived tar file name] ["name of file" ] ["name of file" ] ["name of file" ]

How to extract group files from tar file

You can use wildcard to extract group of files from tar file. Same as above if tar file is compressed you need to use same options [-j for bz2, -z for gzip ] as well.

How to add new files in existing tar file

-r option is used to append the existing tar archive.

You can only append tar file if it is not compressed. You cannot append tar file if you have used -j , -z or -Z options during the creation process.

How to exclude files from tar

While creating tar archive some time you need to exclude certain files or directories. With --exclude option you can specify the file or directory

You can use multiple exclude options for tar like

$ tar --exclude='file1' --exclude='directory/file2' --exclude='patter*'